PREFACE

The traditional medicinal herb has been used historically by Indian tribespeople and
contemporary cultures as a neuro-stimulant, among other uses. This plant species has
now become extinct from its primary habitat as a result of rising demand. Usually, this
species (B. chamaedryoides) reproduces via seeds, although owing to seed
heterozygosity, high-quality plants are not easily accessible and the germination rate
of the seeds is low. Many economically significant plants, including medicinal ones,
are now being clonally propagated on a massive scale using micropropagation
techniques to provide a steady supply throughout the year. One of the best
experimental systems for examining the phase change from vegetative to floral growth
is in vitro flowering. Understanding chromosomal structure has broad applications
and has been essential to the development of medicinally significant plant species.
Chromosome research findings might potentially be helpful for phylogenetic and
taxonomical studies of plants. However, the family Scrophulariaceae has very few
reports of chromosomal research (Haque, & Ghosh, 2013).