An author is always contented to have completed a book and he is delighted to place the book in the hands of his readers. I too dared to write a book of History of India since independence [1947] to meet the requirements of the students appearing in graduate examination. No doubt, a large number of books are available in the market on this subject but keeping in view the new trends and style, I have designed this in such a way, as it may very useful for readers. This book is chiefly examination- oriented and has constantly kept in view the requirement as well the limitation of the students in preparing for the examination and subsequently answering the question. It attempts to ensure that only relevant and to the point, material in included in this book.

This book takes care of this point. Every possible effort is made to deal with each topic critically and to the desired directions of the examiners. Length of each topic is moderately exhaustive so that students are able to complete the paper within the prescribe time.

It is hope that a thorough study of this book will enable students to enhance their knowledge and obtain goods marks in the examination.

I express my sincere gratitude to my parents and Meers Sehar love of my life who cooperated me in the completion of this book. I am also grateful to my nephews and students who encouraged me to write this book. I am also grateful to publisher and his team for under taking the publication of this book and bringing it out in a record.

Dr. Muzafar Ah Mir

Mirmuzafar7@gmail.com